Benzene is an aromatic chemical. It is used to produce styrene, phenol and cyclohexane. These products are used in the production of nylon, plastics, synthetic rubber and polystyrene.
Benefits and Applications
Benzene is used in the production of nylon items ranging from luggage to windbreakers. It is also used in polystyrene for life preservers, food packaging and drink cups.
Toxicology/Regulatory
Benzene is of slight acute toxicity, although inhalation exposure to high concentrations may cause dizziness and central nervous system (CNS) depression, while ingestion of relatively small amounts may be fatal if aspiration into the lung takes place. Liquid benzene is irritating to skin and severely irritating to the eye. Repeated exposure is linked to bone marrow toxicity, reduced red- and white blood cell counts, and decreased immunological function. It is a multi-site carcinogen in animals, while human epidemiology studies demonstrate a causal association between long-term occupation exposure and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. It is genotoxic in vivo, and induces chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in rodents following oral or inhalation exposure. Results from reproductive toxicity studies are inconsistent, with effects on fertility, ovary and testis reported in mice but not in rats exposed under similar conditions. Mild fetotoxicity (lowered fetal body weight, delayed ossification and sub-clinical hematological changes, generally in association with maternal toxicity) has been observed in rats and mice exposed during pregnancy. The relevance of these changes to human reproductive health is not known.
Storage and Handling
Handling
For industrial use only. Use only non-sparking tools. Carefully vent any internal pressure before removing closure. Do not overfill containers which may burst on freezing. Thaw frozen containers only at room temperature. Containers must be properly grounded before beginning transfer. All equipment must conform to applicable electrical code. Handle used containers with care - residue is flammable/poisonous. Isolate, vent, drain, wash and purge systems or equipment before maintenance or repair. Extinguish all ignition sources. Check atmosphere for explosiveness and oxygen deficiencies. If any residual product may be present, total encapsulating impervious protective suits, gloves, and boots should be worn. Observe precautions pertaining to confined space entry.
Storage
Store in tightly closed/properly vented containers away from heat/sparks/open flame and strong oxidizing agents. Store closed drums with bung in up position. Avoid breathing vapors in top of shipping container; may contain a known human carcinogen.